Quantum Computing for Intellectual Property and Patents

Two of the most promising technologies are superconductors (which isolate an electrical current by eliminating electrical resistance) and ion traps (which confine a single ion using electromagnetic fields). Harrison Brooks is a current graduate student in the School of International Service’s Global Governance, Politics, and Security program. Harrison is interested in exploring the potential implications of artificial intelligence and quantum computing for intelligence, warfare, and global competition. The U.S. government has begun taking measures to protect information from quantum cryptanalysis and grapple with questions about global governance of quantum technologies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is compiling general use guidance for post-quantum cryptography, and Congress enacted the National Quantum Initiative Act in 2018 to harmonize federal efforts around QIS. These efforts form the basis of a domestic quantum strategy and could ease the government and military into the quantum age by alleviating institutional hurdles to adoption.

In October, a Chinese team reported that its light-based Jiuzhang 2 processor could complete a task in one millisecond that a conventional computer would require 30 trillion years to finish. This breakthrough marked a new top speed for a quantum processor whose qubits are  light-based, not superconducting. The  quantum states needed for the superconducting computers to function are delicate, can be unstable, and are prone to causing large numbers of errors.

How to program a quantum computer?

Financial applications, such as risk management, as well as materials science and logistics optimization also have a high chance of benefiting from quantum computation in the near term, says Biercuk. Still, no one is taking their eyes off the longer-term, more speculative applications — including quantum versions of machine learning. Similarly, Riverlane is making the daunting requirements for a useful quantum computer more manageable. Brierley notes that drug discovery and materials-science applications might require quantum computers that can perform a trillion decoherence-free operations by current estimates — and that’s good news. That said, useful computations are possible only on quantum machines with a huge number of qubits, and those do not yet exist. What’s more, qubits and their interactions must be robust against errors introduced through the effects of thermal vibrations, cosmic rays, electromagnetic interference and other sources of noise.

Industries such as healthcare, banking, and marketing require reliable solutions for detecting fraud through entity relationships and data patterns. Quantum computing can enhance data modeling, offering a resource-efficient method for neural network training and improving the effectiveness of fraud detection rates. Quantum entanglement occurs when two systems become intricately connected, allowing for immediate information transfer between them, regardless of their spatial separation. In quantum processors, measuring one particle enables you to make a conclusion about another particle. For example, if one qubit is observed to spin upwards, its entangled partner will always be found spinning downwards, and vice versa.

Dilution refrigerators, one of the key devices in superconducting quantum computers, can provide an ultra-low temperature environment of close to absolute zero. The fridges are used in Quantum computing and other fields such as condensed matter physics, materials science and deep space exploration. Lu cautioned that quantum computers faced stiff competition from ordinary silicon chips. The earliest electronic computers, from the forties, had to beat only humans. Quantum computers must prove their superiority to supercomputers that can run a quintillion calculations per second.

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ISG stays up to date with the latest digital trends in IT, so we can help enterprises make decisions about big data and analytics along the digital transformation journey. Contact us to discuss how we can help solve your current big data and analytics challenges and put your organization on a path toward a digital future. One of the biggest problems was with current supercomputers is energy dissipation. They require tens of kilowatts of energy to run and generate vast amounts of heat. Landauer showed in 1961 that almost all operations required in computation can be performed reversibly, thus dissipating no heat. Does the partner bring in capabilities in allied technologies such as AI, ML, Optimization?

In 2021, when Jiuzhang 2 was launched, Pan said the team hoped to achieve quantum error correction “with four to five years of hard work”. Also competing with light-based systems is Xanadu, a company based in Toronto. In a collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the US, the firm unveiled its Borealis quantum processor, with 216 photons, in 2022.

Quantum finite automaton algorithm for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration in Sentinel-1A SAR data

“If anything is going to give something useful in the next five years, it will be chemistry calculations,” says Ronald de Wolf, senior researcher at CWI, a research institute for mathematics and computer science in Amsterdam. That’s because of the relatively low resource requirements, adds Shintaro Sato, head of the Quantum Laboratory at Fujitsu Research in Tokyo. “This would be possible using quantum computers with a relatively small number of qubits,” he says.

Tom graduated from Santa Clara University, triple majoring in physics, computer science, and mathematics while minoring in urban education. IQM is one of the few companies that can deliver an on-premises quantum computer to a customer today. In November 2021, the company reached a major milestone with the deployment of a 5-qubit system to VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Forward thinking companies, academic institutions, and national research labs are joining the IBM Quantum Network to put quantum to use in solving today’s unsolvable problems. Introducing the next layer of the quantum software stack – the platform that empowers you to instantly design, test, analyze, and synthesize any quantum idea you can think of.

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Computer scientists classify computational problems according to the
way their cost function behaves as a function of their input size,
\(n\) (the number of bits required to store the input) and in
particular, whether it increases exponentially or polynomially with
\(n\). “All of the other use cases that people talk about are either more marginal, more speculative, or both,” says Scott Aaronson, a computer scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. Quantum specialists have yet to achieve anything truly useful that could not be done using classical computers. We offer a cloud-based, full-stack of systems, software, developer tools, and services to enable enterprises, government agencies, national laboratories, and academic organizations to build real applications using the power of quantum computing.

What is the difference between quantum computers and supercomputers?

The aim is to standardize algorithms that can resist attacks levied by large-scale quantum computers. The competition was launched in 2016 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a federal agency that helps establish tech and science guidelines, and is now gearing up for its third round. As qubits experience superposition, they can also naturally experience quantum interference. This interference is the probability of qubits collapsing one way or another.

They are generally more reliable and have longer lifespans compared to quantum computers. Quantum computers are great at solving certain problems faster, such as optimization and simulation tasks like drug design or supply chain optimization. Supercomputers excel at data-intensive tasks, like analyzing large datasets, pattern recognition, or modeling complex systems commonly used in weather forecasting, scientific research, and military simulations. In contrast, classical computers are limited by their reliance on binary encoding, which restricts their processing capabilities, particularly when facing complex problems. Qi Solutions, a wholly owned subsidiary of Quantum Computing Inc., is a supplier of quantum technology solutions and services to the government and defense industries. With a team of qualified and cleared staff, QIS delivers a range of solutions from entropy quantum computing to quantum communications and sensing, backed by expertise in logistics, manufacturing, R&D and training.

Researchers can detect and manipulate individual particles and their physical interlinkages and interactions, and build new technologies and systems that make use of the properties of the underlying quantum mechanics. These developments have led to major technical advances in many different areas, including quantum computing, sensors, simulations, cryptography and telecommunications. A whole generation of new quantum technologies with the potential for far-reaching economic and societal impact is starting to emerge. Some are already in development, while many others will be developed in the coming decades. But those applications are still largely theoretical, establishing algorithms that can eventually run on a powerful enough quantum computer when, and if, it exists. Today’s quantum computers aren’t quite there yet—IBM’s most powerful device is 433 qubits, and the company has set out a roadmap to achieve 100,000 qubits in the coming years.